July 16, 1968, a day that affect the global decades. Is, XianTong semiconductor company to the head of the Robert? Noyes, laboratory director Gordon? Moore and vice director Andy? Lafugelufu out of the company, have a few pages simple plan to visit the venture capitalist king Arthur? Rock, only 5 minutes and raised the enough venture capital–$2.5 million.
This day for Intel firmly laid a a gold nails: top people get top capital. Since then Intel “not drop talent” the net talents, including micro processor inventor ted? Hoff.
But in fact, besides talent, the Intel and other emerging technology same company, has been to the storage shrinking business, and even faced going bankrupt.
1978 in 1985 to in, Intel spent seven years finally clear direction. Meanwhile four things every set heaven and earth. 1978 out of a digital watch business in 1985, Intel to do the choice of pain, the main business from the DRAM to microprocessors. This is a constantly back to the business of the essence of the technical process, the focus on the industrial chain of center position.
Help Intel consciousness is IBM. In 1981, IBM chose 8088 as IBM PC microprocessor, and started the PC era.
In 1984, the United States senate to promote Intel through “semiconductor chip the * * case”, allow semiconductor manufacturers made him the copyright circuit design, the bill would be to protect the development of important Intel tools.
In 1985, Intel finally complete to build a super high-tech company frame structure: into the PC industry chain central, and focus in this; Establish the most elite research and development ability; Set up a high enough trade barriers; And powerful enough for the company to do business.
In 1991, Intel finally come under face, will the controversial “Intel Inside” brand slogan implanted into the world.
Intel in the course of development of the skill of the most vicious, is manufacturing technology, and then immediately manufacturing barriers, from memory that make a lot of standard start, such as advocate “plug and play”.
But Intel microprocessor captured by the benefits is, did not go to Microsoft was forced to keep copy rivals, even the point of purchase. Very simple, in the industrial chain, the software can be alternative is very strong.
2001-2005 for Intel’s second big change, in the digital age structure with comprehensive, and once again, escaped the danger of aging.
Microsoft: let all people accept Microsoft’s standards
In 1975, the birth of Microsoft, caused a landmark technology change tornado, the whirlwind blow and global, make the concept of information through to the human life and all aspects of consciousness, its founder Bill Gates has also become worthy information age brought the tide.
The miracle of Microsoft is to be the standard, and let all the people to accept the standard. In 1975, from Harvard University school of the bill? Gates and high school alumni Paul? Allen founded Microsoft company, main sell the BASIC language programming this, and without eyes. Five years later, Microsoft ushered in the major turning point. Microsoft is already become giant IBM selected, as its new PC write key operating system software. It is because at that time giant IBM’s favour, become Microsoft later became popular in the world of opportunity.
Microsoft with the price of 50000 dollar from someone’s hand bought an operating system for the right to use the, again it to rewrite for disk operating system software (ms-dos), this is later appeared in countless computer Microsoft operating systems.
It is on the IBM PC’s popularity dongfeng, Microsoft ms-dos has been a huge success, because other PC makers are expected to and IBM compatible. Microsoft’s ms-dos was more and more families and company charter use, in the 80 s, it has become the standard PC operating system.
Microsoft’s success is that it still can quickly in the trade to establish their absolute advantage. Rely on the strong support of the cash flow, Microsoft management bold undertake merger and acquisition and rely on public financing, rapid expansion. Microsoft through the market monopoly and technical barriers, set up the entrenched industry status.
Microsoft is a mystery, it can copy others, but others can’t reproduce it. Technically, the ability to copy Microsoft been amazing, far better than peers. It can copy Google and other counterparts, but at the same time also can form his own personality. It through continuous copying Google, yahoo, cisco model, then begin to these companies aimed at opportunity of the business mergers and acquisitions, and can take people’s business can be digested, become Microsoft characteristic things.
The software industry in IT there is a warning: “don’t ever to do Microsoft want to do”. Visible, Microsoft’s huge potential has permeated every aspect of the software, it is pervasive, overwhelming.
Apple: redefine the meaning of technology innovation
“Steve jobs always seemed to be able to understand industry next will what direction”, bill? Gates so apple founder Steve jobs evaluation.
Apple was destined to miracle pronoun. Apple was the fastest growing company, apple speed let opponents to tremble. To listed in 1980, apple had to sit on the computer hegemony the head the current campaign. Apple stock public, less than an hour, 4.6 million shares were snapped up, apple top company produced four billionaire and 40 millionaire.
If Microsoft is to become the miracle of the network information age standard, so apple’s miracle is with “technology maniac” jobs, as a representative of the technology sent strong capability of independent innovation.
Throughout apple 30 years development process, like a technology feast. Apple’s success owes much to soul jobs. He is an engineering genius, the product positioning and design is very sensitive. And Microsoft can leave Bill Gates will be run at different, if not Steve jobs, apple has lost its shine. Perhaps this is the pride of Steve jobs himself, but apple’s sorrow.
From 1976 to 1985, Apple to design the independent research and development Apple series, created the era of myth. This is the apple of the development process of the first stage, and formed its unique advantage apple and huge market scale stage.
1985 to 1998 is the development direction of apple, Steve jobs for soul to leave and the board of directors for the simply grasp market, plus snowed under various kinds of disputes, apple development momentum slowed, the 1996 years or even a quarter for five consecutive losses. But this time apple in technical or made quite a level of progress.
1998 years later for apple to soar stage. The return of the jobs, for apple to send out fragrance. That year, apple immediately reverse losses flagging, began to earnings, the stock market to climb, development and progress to re-enter the fast lane. Apple to the growth of the terrorist speed shock.
Apple former CEO amoxicillin Leo said, Steve jobs can let people believe apple is always the innovator. From the Apple I to the latest MacBookAir, Apple were shaped dozen classic computer, and each time the innovation gives users brought surprises, and push forward the industry development. For many computer users speaking, apple the definition and led the computer industry, promote the technology innovation, changing people’s cognition of personal computing. In the technology innovation always go on in front of the absolute apple, with amazing speed has been a huge market.
Cisco: for consumers perfect industrial chain
Cisco to 16 years to finish top feat, the speed of development fast, even Microsoft also to the dust. In 1995, cisco to become the world’s largest network equipment manufacturers, into 2000, cisco as high as 18 billion dollars in annual sales, employees 31000 people, a market value of $444 billion, second only to general electric’s $505 billion and the Intel, and more than the first time Microsoft’s $358 billion.
If apple in the creation and lead the market, so, cisco is in the discovery and follow the market. In cisco development strategy, build market, dominate the market is always first. Cisco is in the center of the network economy, this is doomed to it than any other companies are more suitable for leadership and promote global economic development enterprise to network model transformation.
Cisco is the biggest reason is it successful ways to do things: never in the constantly changing-to improve the industrial chain merger also will not stop, and rapid change innovation industry environment, leading the market trend.
In the past 10 years, cisco had seven times to change direction, and the main customer demand orientation. Customers need to what kind of technology and product migration, cisco will change accordingly. Cisco from a single production of the company into a router network communication equipment of production and the company, and sales growth from $70 million to $18 billion. At present, more than 80% of the network information need through the cisco products, cisco across the network has absolute advantage industry chain.
Acquisition strategy has been extended the industrial chain of cisco one of the important ways. According to statistics, cisco history purchasing 135 companies, a value of over $60. In 1997, cisco $6.5 billion in revenue from about 40% of the purchase of the project. The fourth quarter of the year, cisco completion of the DiviTech A/S acquisition and announced that the acquisition of Pure Networks intentions. The acquisition as cisco business development and to enter a new market means, in other areas on the relentless attack. Due to the acquisition of taste of blood, and second only to exxon mobil huge cash flow (as much as $30 billion, more than Microsoft and apple), more difficult to restrain acquisition momentum, cisco and therefore only 16 years of time on the peak of the market value.
Google: focus on good search engine
In 1998, two Stanford students founded Google company, Google is just a professional pure search company, no one realized that Google started a web search era.
Google development initial period to avoid the premature competition. Google from counterparts from there are two lessons, the first one is not to jump to the market, and the second is to concentrate on the search business.
Google has carefully to protect the company’s financial data, to ensure that other Internet giant not prematurely note to search the gold market. At Microsoft, yahoo indulged in gateway website mysterious, Google use it every penny expand its operation ability, again with powerful operation ability raise user search experience and the advertising of correlation. June 7, 1999, in two of the most famous silicon valley venture investment company clay that? Ba jin, (Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Buyers) and America Chinese fir (Sequoia Capital) all agree to Google’s investment of us $25 million. Winds gold and management of investment full support, Google development begin to fly.
Google walk is a technology to maintain the sustainable development of the commercial dynamic way. At present the three to the search engine, Google more professional and pure, focus on technology and not be marketing tool. In June 2000, yahoo decided to use Google as a search service provider. At the time of the first giant from Internet affirmation, make Google every day he added millions of search volume. In 2001, Google’s search deal with every day break through 100 million times mark and Google in the right of the page on the search results and related text ads, the left half part kept search results. This is the Google advertising model used today, the search result independent, advertising highly correlated, more than those blind on the effectiveness of banner ads.
Google success without its high quality and highly efficient human resources. Google the big three mechanisms are beginning to form: schmidt runs the company financial and business strategies, larry main attack r&d, 30 years old (mainly responsible for developing company policy, is Google a moral standard driver, so have the opportunity to instill all their views of the world. The two founders are much attention to technology, Google in search engine company technical excellence, despising the industry. And the whole Google company, a quarter of the staff is dr. Computer, its board of directors are also some big investors and technical genius.